Religion of the Etrusci
Appendix A (pp. 182-190) brontoscopic kalendar (diarium tonitruale) by Tages; translated from Etruscan by Nigidius Figulus (in :- Johannes Lydus : De ostentis 27-38)
p. |
De o. |
mo. |
day |
prognostication |
182B |
27 |
Jun |
1st |
"barley" failure |
2nd |
"abortion of cattle, ... abundance of fish." |
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3rd |
"fruits ... shrivel up." |
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4th |
"fruit crops will rot." |
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7th |
"fruits shall dry up. |
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8th |
"ruin of grain." |
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9th |
"flocks ... being overrun by wolves." |
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13th |
"fall of a ruler." |
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14th |
"the atmosphere shall be burning hot, ... river fish." |
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15th |
"feathered creatures shall be injured" |
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183A |
16th |
"war" |
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17th |
"mice, blind mice, and locusts." |
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21st |
"dearth of wine" |
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25th |
"wars" |
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27th |
"danger from the army" |
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28 |
Jul |
1st |
"ruin of the flocks." |
|
5th |
"downfall of a virtuous ruler." |
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6th |
"diseases to ... slaves." |
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183B |
8th |
"ruin for the cattle herds, and a dry cough" |
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9th |
"a vision of the gods" |
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10th |
"lifesaving river waters." |
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13th |
"poisonous reptiles." |
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16th |
"king of the East" |
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17th |
"succession of a great ruler." |
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19th |
"war" |
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22nd |
"diseases around the head." |
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25th |
"it will go badly for a band of youth" |
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184A |
27th |
"subcutaneous eruptions to [men’s] bodies." |
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28th |
"poisonous reptiles." |
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30th |
"treachery" |
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29 |
Aug |
3rd |
"[public] trials and debates" |
|
5th |
"women are the more sagacious." |
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6th |
"abundance of honey" |
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7th |
"harsh winds" |
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8th |
"harmless disease to the four-footed." |
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11th |
"downfall of reptiles" |
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12th |
"abundance ... of acorns" |
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14th |
"war" |
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16th |
"peace." |
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184B |
18th |
"civil war." |
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19th |
"the servile class will dare to commit murders." |
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20th |
"plague on the cattle" |
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23rd |
"the lightning bolt shall fall" |
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24th |
"the loss of well-born youths." |
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25th |
"shortage of tree fruits." |
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26th |
"war." |
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27th |
"wars and treachery." |
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28th |
"death of cattle." |
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30 |
Sep |
3rd |
"heavy rains and war." |
|
4th |
"preparation for war." |
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5th |
"decease in wheat." |
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6th |
"power among the women" |
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7th |
"disaster for the servile class." |
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8th |
"crooked dealings in government" |
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185A |
11th |
"underlings of the well born will foment revolution." |
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16th |
"good sprouting" |
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18th |
"famine and wars." |
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19th |
"sedition among the commons." |
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20th |
"destruction of a famous man and war." |
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24th |
"nut trees" |
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25th |
"a tyrant shall be raised up" |
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26th |
"a corrupt ruler will be felled by divine decision." |
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27th |
"powerful men will work hatred toward themselves" |
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28th |
"pour rain upon the fire" |
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31 |
Oct |
1st |
"a corrupt tyrant" |
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185B |
2nd |
"destruction of the mice" |
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3rd |
"hurricanes" |
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7th |
less "wine" |
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8th |
"earthquake" |
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10th |
"downfall of a praiseworthy man." |
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11th |
"a strange sort of wind" |
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12th |
"wind squalls" |
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13th |
"covenants/commerce" |
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14th |
"war and the loss of flocks" |
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16th |
"men ... unrecognizable." |
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17th |
"rich man" |
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18th |
importation "from foreign lands." |
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19th |
"the downfall of a ruler or the overthrow of a king." |
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20th |
"festering wound" |
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21st |
"oppression of the heart." |
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22nd |
"spotted diseases" |
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186A |
26th |
"thirst." |
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27th |
"heavy rains." |
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32 |
Nov |
6th |
"borers [weevils] will ruin the grain." |
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8th |
"gluttony" |
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10th |
"wind will wrack the trees." |
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11th |
"men shall give blessings to the god" |
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12th |
"insomnia" |
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13th |
"bodies with internal worms." |
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14th |
"poisonous snakes shall somehow gently be undone" |
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15th |
"waterbound beasts" |
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16th |
"locusts and field voles" |
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17th |
"fodder" |
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186B |
18th |
"war" |
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19th |
"welfare of women" |
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21st |
"mice shall perish" |
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24th |
"watch-post" |
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25th |
"war." |
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26th |
"civil war" |
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30th |
"shall live ... favored by the gods." |
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33 |
Dec |
2nd |
"a plenty of fish and especially of fruits." |
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3rd |
"consume their flocks because of a dearth of fish." |
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5th |
"mangy" |
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6th |
"visions of the faces of the gods" |
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8th |
"plague on the flocks." |
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9th |
"downfall of a famous man." |
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10th |
"fish shall be abundant." |
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11th |
"plenty imported from foreign lands." |
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12th |
diarrhoea |
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14th |
"civil war" |
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187A |
15th |
"many shall set out for war, but few shall return." |
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17th |
"small locusts" |
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18th |
"heavy war." |
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19th |
"prolongation of war." |
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24th |
"civil wars" |
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25th |
"movement of troops to war" |
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26th |
"diseases for the slaves." |
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28th |
"locusts." |
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30th |
"rebellion against the kingdom" |
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34 |
Jan |
1st |
"a fast wind will blow" |
|
2nd |
"unlooked-for war." |
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4th |
"the common people will agree to make peace." |
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7th |
"a slave revolt and recurring illness." |
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8th |
"the ruler ... shall be in danger from the people." |
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9th |
"the king of the East shall be in danger." |
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12th |
"men shall be damaged in their faces" |
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187B |
14th |
"mice, and the slaughter of four-footed creatures." |
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15th |
"servile revolt, and punishment for them" |
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18th |
"the people rise up." |
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20th |
"abundance of imported goods" |
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21st |
"the king ... shall be the object of a final plot." |
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22nd |
"abundance of mice and of deer." |
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25th |
"unrest among the slaves." |
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28th |
"the flocks will be ruined" |
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35 |
Feb |
1st |
"war and the ruin of wealthy men." |
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2nd |
"an increase in livestock" |
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3rd |
"civil unrest." |
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4th |
"men shall be troubled ... in their very minds." |
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6th |
"destruction of ... barley." |
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188A |
8th |
"dangerous wild beasts shall perish." |
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9th |
"worse the barley." |
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10th |
"the wild beasts shall undo the humans." |
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11th |
"good deliveries [in childbirth] for women." |
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12th |
"unseasonable winds." |
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13th |
"political unrest." |
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14th |
"an onslaught of poisonous reptiles." |
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15th |
"mice" |
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18th |
"eruption of pustules on bodies." |
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19th |
"worms." |
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23rd |
"deformity for men" |
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24th |
"destruction for both fish and reptiles." |
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25th |
"wars and a heavy storm." |
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26th |
"scabs on bodies." |
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27th |
"unrest among the commons." |
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29th |
"war" |
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30th |
"great divisions of the people." |
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188B |
36 |
Mar |
8th |
"rains." |
10th |
"destruction to the four-footed." |
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11th |
"locusts." |
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12th |
"the wild beasts shall fall upon man." |
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13th |
"reptiles shall trouble habitations" |
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15th |
"mice and fish." |
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17th |
"ruin upon ruin for men and four-footed beasts." |
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18th |
"locusts" |
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22nd |
"destruction of birds" |
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26th |
"acquisition of imported slaves." |
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27th |
"abundance imported from abraod." |
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28th |
"plenty of marine fish." |
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189A |
29th |
"the women shall obtain the better reputation." |
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37 |
Apr |
2nd |
"prosperity to good men, and paltry things to evil men." |
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3rd |
"grain supply brought from abroad." |
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6th |
"civil wars will arise." |
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8th |
"heavy rains" |
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12th |
"ruin of fish" |
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13th |
"for cattle destruction" |
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16th |
"field voles." |
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20th |
"divine anger." |
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21st |
"war" |
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22nd |
"destruction of the flies." |
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23rd |
"sprouting" |
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25th |
"peace" |
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189B |
27th |
"omens from the sky incredibly shall be revealed." |
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28th |
"by shields the people shall be saved." |
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29th |
"zephyrus will prevail." |
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30th |
"a shower of good things." |
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38 |
May |
1st |
"flight for the common people and loss of honor." |
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3rd |
"abundance imported from abroad." |
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5th |
"The pulses [legumes] ... shall be ruined." |
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7th |
"abundance of birds and fish." |
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10th |
"lizards" |
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12th |
"destruction of fish" |
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13th |
"increase in river waters" |
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14th |
"eastern war" |
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16th |
"atonement must be made ... terrible news." |
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17th |
"rainy weather." |
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18th |
"war" |
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21st |
"atonement must be made ... terrible news." |
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22nd |
"destruction of marine fish." |
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23rd |
"rain." |
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24th |
"pass away [die] from grief." |
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25th |
"a hoped-for resting-place" |
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26th |
"good for those working upon the tilled land." |
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27th |
"a comet shall shine forth." |
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28th |
"the same" (a comet shall shine forth.) |
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29th |
"northern war" |
{It is easily perceived that this kalendar was based on a 22-day cycle, similar to the 20-day cycle in Meso-America. [But there is an irregularity allowing the days in June and October to match, indicating perhaps a longer cycle of 30-day months than 12 – could this be a reminiscence of the 5-vatsara (year) cycle in India?] Thus :-}
Jun |
Jul |
Oct |
Nov-Dec |
Jan-Feb |
Feb-Mar |
Aztec |
9 flocks’ ruin by wolves |
1 flocks’ ruin |
1 |
15 |
22 |
10 hound |
|
10 |
2 |
2 mice |
16 voles |
23 deformed men |
11 monkey |
|
11 |
3 |
3 hurricane (cf. tornado-twister) |
17 |
24 |
12 twisted |
|
12 |
4 |
4 |
18 |
25 |
13 |
|
13 ruler’s fall |
5 ruler’s fall |
5 |
19 |
26 |
14 ocelot (cf. fall of ocelot Tezcatlipoca) |
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14 burning hot |
6 |
6 |
20 |
27 |
15 eagle (cf. [Norse] fire-eagle) |
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15 feathered |
7 |
7 |
21 mice perish |
28 |
16 [Pipil] tecolotl owl |
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16 |
8 |
8 earth-quake |
22 |
29 |
17 earth-quake |
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17 blind mice (their tails were cut off with knife?) |
9 |
9 |
23 |
30 divisions |
18 flint knife |
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10 lifegiving waters |
10 |
24 watch-post (cf. lightning-tower of Kronos) |
19 rain |
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11 "strange sort of wind" |
20 [Kic^e Hun-ahpu blow-gunner] |
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12 |
10 animals attack humans |
1 alligator |
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13 |
11 |
2 |
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14 |
12 |
3 |
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13 |
4 |
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14 poisonous reptiles |
5 snake |
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15 mice |
6 skull (cf. mice in skull) |
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16 |
7 |
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17 |
8 |
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18 |
9 |
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19 worms (as bait for fish?) |
water (for fishing?) |
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20 |
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21 |
[This sequence of 22 may be aequivalent to the 22 Vetala-s.]
Appendix B – III.4 (pp. 199-200) deities in the 16 regions of the sky (in :- Martianus Capella : De nuptiis Mercurii et Philologiae 1:45-61)
p. |
reg. |
deities invited |
deities univited |
199B-200A |
1st |
Dii Consent-es, Penat-es, Salut-s, Lar-es, Janus, Favor-es Opertanei, Nocturnus |
|
200A |
2nd |
Jupiter, Quirinus Mart-s, Lars Militaris, Juno, Font-s, Lymphae, Dii Novensil-es |
|
3rd |
Jupiter Secundanus, Jupiter of Opulentia, Minerva |
Discordia, Seditio |
|
4th |
Lynsa Silvestris, Mulciber, Lars Caelestis, Lars Militaris [again!], Favor |
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5th |
Ceres, Tellurus (the father of Terra), Vulcanus, Genius |
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6th |
Pales, Favor [again!], Celeritat-s (daughter of Sol) |
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7th |
Liber, Pales Secundanus, Fraud-s |
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8th |
Veris Fructus |
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9th |
Juno Hospita |
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10th |
Neptunus, Lar Omnium Cunctalis, Neverita, Consus |
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11th |
Fortuna, Valetudo, Favor Pastor |
Man-es |
|
12th |
Sancus |
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13th |
Fata |
Dii Man-es |
|
14th |
Saturnus, Juno Caelestis |
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15th |
Veiovis, Dii Publici |
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16th |
Nocturnus [again!], Janitor-es Terrestris |
Appendix B – III.5 (p. 200B) the 6 millennia of creation (in :- Suda : Lexikon, s.v. "Turrhenia")
millennium |
entities created by the demiurge |
1st |
heaven & earth |
2nd |
firmament |
3rd |
sea |
4th |
great lights : sun , moon, stars |
5th |
birds & beasts |
6th |
humans |
[This is identical with, and may be the source of, B-R>S^YT (Genesis) 1:1-27.]
Appendix B – III.6 (p. 201A) the 10 saecula (periods of history) (in :- Censorinus : De die natali 17:5-6)
saeculum |
its duration (in years) |
1st |
100 |
2nd |
" |
3rd |
" |
4th |
" |
5th |
123 |
6th |
119 |
7th |
" |
8th |
ongoing |
9th |
future |
10th |
future |
Appendix B – III.8 (p. 202A) Etruscan names for the months (in :- M. Pallotinno : Testimonia Linguae Etruscae)
T.L.E. |
month |
its name in Etruscan |
801 |
June |
Aclus |
805 |
May |
Ampiles |
818 |
April |
Cabreas |
824 |
September |
Celius |
836 |
August |
Hermius |
854 |
July |
Traneus |
856 |
March |
Velcitanus |
858 |
October |
Xosfer |
Appendix B – III.9 (p. 202A) beginning of the nychthemeron in various antient reckonings (in :- Servius : Ad Aen. 5:738)
reckoning |
beginning |
Aegyptian |
at sunset |
Persian |
at sunrise |
Etruscan & Athenian |
at sixth hour of day |
Roman |
at midnight |
Appendix B – V.2 (p. 206A) areas, in each city, which were dedicated to deities (in :- Vitruvius 1:7:1-2)
deities |
area |
Mercurius |
forum |
Isis & Serapis |
business quarter |
Apollon & Bakkhos |
theatre |
Heraklees |
circus |
Mart-s |
parade-ground |
Venus |
harbor |
Nancy Thomson de Grummond & Erika Simon : The Religion of the Etruscans. U of TX Pr, Austin, 2006.