Ifugaw mythology

1st class: the 168 Matunulon "pay up, pay back" gods

page

#

type

p. 218

1st

Lindum {= Lincoln ?}

 

2nd

"Haver-and-Giver of Dreams"

 

3rd

"Like-a-Vision" -- "gives men visions"

pp. 218-219

[4th]

"Covered-Up" -- "planting a problem in your mind and leaving it until it sprouted."

p. 219

[5th]

fluffy, milkweed-like seed

 

...

[no translations]

   

Stir-Upper

   

Forgetter

   

Betrayer

 

...

gods of weaving

2nd class: Napulunot, activating granary-idols: causing priests possessed by them to bite ears of pigs (pp. 219-220)

page

#

type

p. 219

34

locusts & grasshoppers = chickens of the +Bugan (wivesof the gods) -- the chief was Binonbon, a personified dam

 

4

"Scatterers" gods of bamboo clappers

p. 222

16

war & sorcery

 

24

descendants of Manahaut the Deceiver

 

31

descendants of the Moon

classes of deities

page

ordinal of class

type

p. 222

3rd

Manahaut "Deceivers"

 

4th

Gahidu

p. 223

5th

Maknonan "Reproducers" -- fish darting up a cataract; rain; mist

   

Investor

   

Earthquaker

   

Giver

   

Closed-in-a-Basket

   

Shaky

   

Quieteth Babies

Hudhud heroes & heroines

p. 223

Lover's Harp

 

Affection

 

Charity

 

Comfort

 

Consolation

 

Charmed

 

Made-to-Chuckle

 

Make-Anxious

 

Coax

p. 224

Gold, possessed by god Skillful-Giver, chopped down tree for Friend

6th class of deities: Halupe "Convincer" (p. 225)

p. 226

Kidul "Thunderer" of the Sky-World

 

his son Bagilat "Lightning"

 

of kinds of thunder

 

of kinds of fear

 

of relaxing

 

of soft words

 

of agreement

 

"Dumb"

 

"Slowness"

classes of deities

page

ordinal of class

#

type

p. 226

7th

 

Hidit -- to waft odors of food

 

8th

70

Pili -- to protect property & rights of nobles

p. 227

   

Amud {cf.Amudon in Urantia Book} of the ownership-"loop" (pudun)

p. 228

9th

 

Makalun "Messenger"

     

flying-monsters, the 1st in a priest's life to possess him

p. 229

10th

46

Pouk -- wind deities -- gods of bees' wax {cf. [Maya] Bacab-ob}

 

11th

 

Umaladan "Spiral-Uppers" in Dagahna (sub-basement of the Universe)

 

12th

 

Pumihdol -- "caused boils and toumors"

 

13th

 

Liblibaiyu -- causing liver-ailments

 

14th

 

Tinikmal -- "caused headaches"

 

15th

 

Bubulnit -- caused wounds, bruises, fractures

p. 230

16th

 

Baiyan -- caused arthritis & rheumatism

 

17th

 

Bayiad -- "payment deities"

     

to Pati from Humadol were given by Bumabakal bamboo tubes containing the diseases, which P. can now release: Smallpox, Headache, Flux, Constipation, Rheumatism, Chicken Pox,malaria, Spit, Fever, Inflamation, Mumps, etc.

 

18th

 

Gatui "winged dogs with human faces"

p. 231

19th

 

Bumugi "Spitter"-- tricked recently dead souls into betraying their children and loved ones

further enumeration of deity-classes "no longer followed the sequence in which they occurred at the ceremonies" (p. 231) [? author's numerical restoration of sequence:-]

page

ordinal of class

type

p. 231

26th

Taiyaban (flying monsters) -- causing blindness, paralysis, deafness

   

Sink-hole

   

Landslide

   

Weir

p. 232

 

Thorny-Thicket

   

Tributary-Streams

   

Tree-Fork

   

Gravel-Bed

   

Rock

   

Terrace-Bank

   

Nightflyer

   

Water-Place

   

Mountain-Pass

   

Mountain-Peak

p. 233

28th

Poglan "the ending deities, were the gods of death."

 

29th

Imbagaiyon -- "conductors of souls that had died"

 

30th

Anob -- "ghouls who ate, married, or enslaved the souls of the dead."

   

Rat {also 1st of Chinese 12}

   

Cat

   

Hound

   

Python

   

Carabao

   

Civet-Cat

   

Feral-Swine

   

Swine

   

Cobra

 

31st

Banig -- ghosts (of people) "who had failed to leave the earth" {= preta-s}

p. 234

38th

Pahan -- soul-stealers in Sky-World

 

40th

Kibkiblu "were invoked in postburial funeral services."

 

36th

ancestral terrace-builders

 

39th

Pahiu -- "somehow intermarried the gods" = [Bontoc Igorot] high-god married +Fukan, their ancestress

 

32nd

Pumupud -- "obstetrical deities"

   

Dam-Builder

   

Plaster-Upper

   

Tear-Downer

   

Vagina-Blocker

   

Shifter

 

21st

Kawil -- "activating talismen [talismans] ... used in head-hunting"

p. 235

23rd

Bulol -- "granary-idol activation"

   

Hagaiyup {cf. H.aggay} -- "to activate the charms used in love and hunting" -- 39 (p. 245)

p. 235

20th

Higap -- "minor war deities"

   

battle between "a hard stone and a soft stone" {cf. [Maori] myth of battle between stones}; between fledgling & cock -- they "like raw meat" {= Pis`aca-s}

 

35th

Hawat-Buyan -- "diviner deities", "balance egg on the steel blade"

   

sun; moon; stars

 

34th

Makiubaiya "Fond-of-Sugar-Cane"

p. 236

27th

Pinadin -- they own all local game-animals

 

25th

Bakaiyaawan -- "hunting deities"

 

24th

Monduntug -- "mountain spirits", "making the snags and thorns soft"

   

Like-a-Straw

   

As-If-Rotten

   

Like-the-Soft-Flopping-Doodad-on-a-Woman's-Headdress

   

Puddle-Maker

   

Soft-Like-the-Down-of-a-Runo-Plume

 

22nd

Alabat -- "deities of the chase"

   

Hunter-at-Starting-Place

   

Encourageth-Hounds

   

Hurleth-Spear

   

Holdeth-Quarry

   

Spurting-Blood

   

Staining-Vegetation

   

Cutteth-Off-Head

   

Shareth-Carcass

 

33rd

Binudbud {cf. No^dab} -- "to wrap or tie the animals so that they could not escape"; make men "sexually impotent" (p. 237)

p. 236

 

Wrapped

   

Get-Between

   

Covered-with-Lianas

   

Caught-in-Trap

   

Stinginess

   

Fasted

   

Pacified

Kilton Stewart: Pygmies and Dream Giants. The Scientific Book Club, London, n.d. [Hapaw Ifugaw]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4: [7:]; 19: itinerary of Wigan of Dukligan -- origin of the Kulpi-sacrifice for ricebeer-fermentation (4:9)

4:

place

persons thereat

:3

Halon

 
 

Ginihon {cf.

Habilin {cf. [<ib.] Hebel}

:4

Kambulo {cf. [Papuan] god Kambel}

Buda {cf. [Skt.] god Budha}

:5

Nabyun

 
 

Huyuk {cf. [Turk.] Hu:yu:k}

Ataban

:7

Daya

Ambatan [= Napadawan -- 7:7]

:8

Lagud

Bulul[; Buyuhya; Hakdol; Ampugawon -- 4:10]

6:; 11:; 12:; 22: deities (Buni "deity", cf. Persian Bun "religion") who are invoked

6:4

11:5&6

12:5-7

22:6

Hellenic

 

11:5 Stomach-ache-deities

     
 

the Pinadin

     
 

the Ancestors

     

Wakod "Earthquaker" of the Underworld

Earthquaker of the Underworld

12:5 Earthquaker of the Underworld

Earthquaker of the Underworld

Poseidon

Idul "Thunderer" of the Skyworld

Thunderer of the Skyworld

12:6 Thunderer of the Skyworld

Thunderer of the Skyworld

Zeus

 

11:6 [enumerated backwards]

     

Deity Petnon "Giving-Growth" of the Underworld

3. Deity Giving-Growth of the Underworld

12:7 Deity Giving-Growth of the Underworld

Deity Giving-Growth of the Underworld

 

Buni "Deity" of the Skyworld

 

Deity of the Skyworld

Deity of the Skyworld

 

Wanwan "River"-deity

 

River-deity

River-deity

 

deity of the Lagud

2. deity of the Lagud

deity of the Lagud

deity of the Lagud

 

Namanke "Farmer"-deities

1. Farmer-deities

     

Namayan "Foetus-maker" deities

     

Hephaistos

the Tanig

       

31:-39: deities invoked in the Pahan [name of province in Malaya] sacrifice

31:3; 32:3; 33:3; 34:3; 35:3; 36:3; 37:3; 38:3; 39:3

39:25

40: deities travelled to by Amtalaw [cf. 46:3-9; 51:15-22]

43:2 [cf. 65:3; 69:3; 94:2; 95:2; 96:2; 97:2; 98:2; 99:2; 100:2; 101:2; 104:2]. deities causing sickness

48:22 deities of the Ipad feast

Deity of the Underworld

Earthquaker of the Underworld

:5 Earthquaker of the Underworld

Earthquaker of the Underworld

Earthquaker of the Underworld

Deity of the Skyworld

Thunderer of the Skyworld

:6 Thunderer of the Skyworld

Thunderer of the Skyworld

Thunderer of the Skyworld

Deity Giving-Growth of the Underworld

Deity Giving-Growth of the Underworld

 

Deity Giving-Growth of the Underworld

 

Deity of the Skyworld

Deity of the Skyworld

 

Deity of the Skyworld

 

River-deity

River-deity

 

River-deity

 

deity of Lagud

deity of Lagud

 

deity of Lagud

 

+Bright-being wife of the Sun

+Bright-being wife of the Sun

:7 +Bright-being

+Bright-being wife of the Sun

+Bright-being wife of the Sun

Linan the Moon

Linan the Moon

:8 Linan the Moon

Linan the Moon

Linan the Moon

Night-beings

Night-beings

 

Night-beings

Night-beings

Star-deities

Star-deities

:9 Bittu "Stars"

Star-deities

 

Foetus-maker deities

Foetus-maker deities

:10 Foetus-maker deities

Foetus-maker deities

Foetus-maker deities

     

Abat ghost-deities

Abat ghost-deities

     

Umidaw ghost-deities

 
   

:11 Crocodile of the Underworld

   
   

:12 Dapine of the Underworld

   
   

:13 Moteel of the Underworld

   
   

:14 Nabawigan of the Underworld

   
   

:15 Tiyub of the Underworld

   
   

Munkiwkiw of the Underworld

   
   

Pumayanpan of the Underworld

   

13: twin-sons of +Bugan daughter of Amtalaw of the Skyworld

13:

Balitog

Patal

:14

front door

back door

:20

east

west

:26

Earthquaker of the Underworld

Thunderer of the Skyworld

:29

the Typhoon of Lagud

the Typhoon of Daya

:34-35

:34 the Rain of Lagud

:35 the Rain of Daya

:36

his grandson

his granddaughter

13: twin-brethren Balitog & Patal, joint-ventures of

13:

they together killed, dismembered, & ate a __

:39

crocodile

:40

deer

:41

male vulture

:42

python

 

banbanawon worm

17:4-11 [62:4-11] itinerary of Wigan of Dukligan -- origin of the Pahan sacrifice (17:13)

17:

locality

denizen

:4

river at Lagud

crocodile

:5

mountain forest at Patekel

hakuku (python)

:5-11

:10-11 offering to guests of human brains as food

:5 +Bright-being wife of the Sun

19: itinerary of Bulul (son of Hakdol son of Buyuhya son of Ampugawon, 19:4) of Lagud

[contrast 64:7 Bulul son of Tapayu ("mud") son of Iyuna son of Elewon]

19:

locality

denizen

:6

 

Ipadal

:7

Dotal

Naaw

:8

Duklo

Pumihik son of Paniki

:9

Buninan

Manotnot son of Makhiit

:10

Halaw

Buybuyawon

:11

Mahiniw

Lagayan son of Oloy

:12

Linog

Gumindol

:13

Mayawyaw (?)

Balatayon son of Kimminon

:14

Bayuwan

Duyug

:15

Bonan

Ingolyo & Aniwan

20: itinerary of the Boley-deities Naliwhan, Tududan [var. Tunudan, 69:12], and Inyaya, to restore/return to her husband Wigan his (W.'s) wife +Bugan, after she had been abducted (:4) to the Skyworld by them (Boley-deities); as he (W.) had dreamt (:2) and was told (:5) by Pudunan -- 69: itinerary of the Boley-deities in carrying sick child ("These are all villages in the Skyworld, the dwelling places of the Boley deities." p. 393, fn.13)

20:

locality

69:6, 13- localities whither was carried sick child

p. 393, fn. 13 variants of names

 

[start out in Heaven]

   
   

:6 Madulimay

Madulimag

   

Mataptapog

 

:7

Nungawa

Nungawa

 
   

Nunhunug

Munhunug

 

Munilig

Munilig [Nunilig, :13]

 
 

Tolpokan

:13 Tolpokan

 

:8

Nalamlatog

:14 Nalamlatog

 
 

Mt. Naoldihan

Naoldihan

 

:11

"arrive on Earth."

:15 "go down to the Earth"

 

:12

Liwliw

   

:13

Pagapat

   

:14

Dukligan

   

{with BOLEY cf. BOLE[Y] as name of tribe in Gold Coast}

25: itinerary of Wigan of Dukligan to the barricade of the Deity Giving-Growth of the Underworld (:3)

25:

locality

:4

Mayawyaw

 

Linog

 

Batitiw

:5

Pola

 

Tudal

 

Numbaluknitan

 

Palatig

 

Mabanag

 

Liwliw

:6

Boka

 

Lapakoy, source of the river Kianan

 

Lagud

29:2; 31:2; 32:2; 33:2; 34:2; 35:2; 36:2; 37:2; 38:2; 39:2 eponyms of tribe as bringers of food-provisions-devouring "worms"

eponym

tribe

Lian

Bahilog

Pulaw {cf. Pelew Is.}

Kadaklan

Hagaol

Dupak

Amakiw

Kadaklan {cf. Kodiak I.}

33: [cf. 54:4-6] places whereat the Panonekel bird-of-prey successively caught crocodiles

33:

diving-places

:7

Ayuwon

:8

Alawanan

:9

Ilagan

:10

Dulug

54: enemy-places where, at requaest by the Panonekel, the captive crocodile swung its tail, and swallowed the hapag (chieftain)

54:

place

:9

Hogop

:10

Duklo

 

Buninan

:11

Dilan

:12

Lukukan

:13

Mayawyaw

38:5-8 [55:5-8]; 39:17 animal-saviors (mascots) placed under his own house (etc.) by Wigan, in order to use them to combat (38:9) the Mabaki deities of enemy-tribes

38: [55:]

 

39:17

   

fire

   

bamboo whereinto that fire is sucked

   

hound

:5

deer

 
 

boar

 

:6

crocodile

crocodile

 

boa

boa

 

python

python

   

tuwik bird-of-prey

:7

bululihiw bird-of-prey

bululihiw bird-of-prey

   

gayan bird-of-prey

 

hound

 
 

flea

flea

:8

mosquito

 
 

bee

bee

{with winding of python around neck of wife of the Sun (77:7) cf. snakes winding around arms of +Bhadra-kali}

{with cutting-into-pieces (77:4) by the 2 Paniyaw-gods of the praegnant wife of Wigan, cf. [Aztec] +Coyol-xauhqui}

39: itinerary of Wigan seeking knower of powerful prayers

39:

place

person

:5

grassy places

Matep

:6

Bunyihan

Galunugon

:7

Hakmal

Baniban

:8

Hanana

 
 

Mt. Paganapan

son of the Star-of-the-Skyworld son of the Tallo-star-of-Lagud {cf. [>aramaic] bar-Kokba"son-of-Star"}

:11

Linayan

 
 

Dukligan

 

:12

Banaan

 
 

Hapuwan

 

:13

Hapaw

 
 

Inlinooy

 

:14

Ahin

 
 

Agoneen

Anguyawon

43:10 naputput-disease creatures expelled from the dead Wigan of Dukligan by Wigan of the Skyworld

worms

eels

attip-worms

banbanawan-insects

centipedes

45:10-12, 24, 26, 28, 30, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41 "bad omens" (p. 264, fn. 3) at the childbirth by +Bugan daughter of Amtalaw -- 84:10-11 animals (as numbered) successively given birth to by same

45:

84:10-11

84:10-11, 19, 26

ido-bird

   

a [land-]slide

(:10) 1st

pig

rolling stone

2nd

feral pig

a cloud

3rd

deer

hikot-bird

4th

squirrel

rainbow

5th

hound

puktiyaw-bird

6th

cat

a tree

7th

tuwog monkey

locust

8th

snake

LIZARD

9th

LIZARD

frog

(:11th) 10th

crab

duliduli-wasp

11th

baby boy

glowworm

   

owl

   

halakhat bird-of-prey

   

umol bird-of-prey

   

48: temptation & patience of Wigan the Ifugaw

Ifugao

<ibri^ comparative

:3-5 Thunderer of the Skyworld requaested of Earthquaker of the Underworld for permission to slay Wigan, but this permission was refused.

S`at.an requaested of YHWH for permission to slay >iyob, but this permission was refused.

In a compromise, it was permitted that the house of Wigan be demolished (:6) instead, and his livestock killed (:7).

In a compromise, it was permitted that the house of >iyob be demolished instead, and his livestock killed.

   

49:2 Tubotbal tale is sponsored by Wigan-of-the-Skyworld son of Matban of the Skyworld son of Himbiyan of the Skyworld

>aB (God the"Father") is heavenly counterpart of the earthly >iyoB

{ with TUBoTBAL cf. name of Californian tribe TU:BaTu:laBAL}

50: event of Dinapayan of Daya (:4)

While the star-goddesses "take a bath in the river" (p. 303, fn. 1), [having laid their skirts on the river-banks in order to bathe nude,] the skirt of one of them is purloined by a man (:5).

{cf. Acyuta Kr.s.na stealing the skirts of all the women who were bathing nude at Vrn.d.avana }

"The skirts of the Stars are also their wings with which they fly to their place in the sky after bathing in the river." (p. 303, fn. 2) The star-goddess whose skirt had been purloined "could not fly away together with them." (:6)

{cf. [Aztec] goddess +Citlallinicue "starry skirt"}

She became wife of that man, who brought her skirt to Binon (:7).

{Acyuta brought that of +Radha to Mathura.}

52: descendants of the twins Panuldihon & Panudyawon

twin

Panuldihon

Panudyawon

52:4 begat __

5 children

7 children

[other]

53:6 was eaten by the Crocodile of the Underworld

52:8 obtained bilabil worms and "the Tanig -- namely, a pig, a dog, a boar, a cat, and an amunin."

81: joint-activities: attempted ambushes by Panuldihon & Panudyawon

81:

intended ambush

which is s[itting-]p[lace] or [path]w[ay] of the people of __

88:

seeking of his hound by Wigan: Apag rites (:11)

comparative

     

:2

Mt. Etiit

 
     

:3

Daya

 

:3

Mt. Amuyaw

s.p. Barlig

 

Mt. Amuyaw

 

:4

 

w. Lias

:4

Uguug

>gag

 

Pulyaw

Yuknug

     

:5

Logob

       
 

Uyaw

Kadaklan

 

Kadaklan

[Bon] Uye

 

Pinunutan

Lonah

:5

Lonah

 

:6

Ananney

Tunlayan

:6

Tunlayan

[Quic^e] Tohil

 

Batuun

Alulugan {cf. Carolinian god Aluluei}

 

Ubuub

>abib

:7

Lagan

Agulunan

 

Agulunan (etc.)

<eglo^n

 

Awaw

Pantol

     
 

Nunluwan

Gahaban

     

:8

Butigi

Baloko

     

81: sequel to the attempted ambushes, continuation of joint-acts by Panuldihon & Panudyawon

further attempted aggression

comparative

:9 the would-be ambushers break through the stone wall protecting heaven

likewise in Iban myth of expedition: break through the stone wall protecting heaven

:11 in heaven, they hurl spears at the Apunal-deities; but 10 [all females?], including the wife of the Sun, stand their ground [repraesenting the10 lunar-months of praegnancy?]

the 10 Maha-vidya goddesses

:12 "And they say: "Look you, blood and blood at our genital organs."" [menstrual blood]

 

:13 fearful of that blood, the expedition returned to Earth

Bellerophon & Cu-Chulain both retreated from naked women (GM 75.5) (B&R, pp. 84-85)

73: 4 [cf. 74:4] abducted wife is located imprisoned under "lake of Lagud -- the bottom of which is the house of":

Paniyaw [son of Binukwit, 75:4] of the Underworld

Nilin of the Underworld

Hulipot of the Underworld

{cf. imprisonment of +Semele (the mother of Dionusos) under lake Lerne = [Irish] Lorna Dun}

65:10 list of sacrifices (rituals)

sacrifice

meaning

Pannan

 

Kulpi

 

Boto

Harvest

Hignup

Storing

Pahan

 

Alawit

 

funeral rite

Ifugaw: appeal to "Arranger"-god

cf. Dhatr. the "arranger" of funeral (FPZ, p. 343, fn. 4)

Carlos R. Medina: 106 Ifugao Abu'wab Tales Documented by Frans Lambrecht. Saint Louis U., Baguio City, 2000-2001.

GM = Robert Graves: The Greek Myths. 1955.

B&R = Mircea Eliade: Birth and Rebirth. NY: Harper & Row, 1958. [quoting from:- Joseph Dunn: Tain Bo Cualgne.

London, 1914. pp. 60 ff.]

FPZ = Mircea Eliade: From Primitives to Zen. Harper & Row, Evanston, 1967. [quoting: R.c Veda 10:18]