Ifugaw mythology
1st class: the 168 Matunulon "pay up, pay back" gods
page |
# |
type |
p. 218 |
1st |
Lindum {= Lincoln ?} |
2nd |
"Haver-and-Giver of Dreams" |
|
3rd |
"Like-a-Vision" -- "gives men visions" |
|
pp. 218-219 |
[4th] |
"Covered-Up" -- "planting a problem in your mind and leaving it until it sprouted." |
p. 219 |
[5th] |
fluffy, milkweed-like seed |
... |
[no translations] |
|
Stir-Upper |
||
Forgetter |
||
Betrayer |
||
... |
gods of weaving |
2nd class: Napulunot, activating granary-idols: causing priests possessed by them to bite ears of pigs (pp. 219-220)
page |
# |
type |
p. 219 |
34 |
locusts & grasshoppers = chickens of the +Bugan (wivesof the gods) -- the chief was Binonbon, a personified dam |
4 |
"Scatterers" gods of bamboo clappers |
|
p. 222 |
16 |
war & sorcery |
24 |
descendants of Manahaut the Deceiver |
|
31 |
descendants of the Moon |
classes of deities
page |
ordinal of class |
type |
p. 222 |
3rd |
Manahaut "Deceivers" |
4th |
Gahidu |
|
p. 223 |
5th |
Maknonan "Reproducers" -- fish darting up a cataract; rain; mist |
Investor |
||
Earthquaker |
||
Giver |
||
Closed-in-a-Basket |
||
Shaky |
||
Quieteth Babies |
Hudhud heroes & heroines
p. 223 |
Lover's Harp |
Affection |
|
Charity |
|
Comfort |
|
Consolation |
|
Charmed |
|
Made-to-Chuckle |
|
Make-Anxious |
|
Coax |
|
p. 224 |
Gold, possessed by god Skillful-Giver, chopped down tree for Friend |
6th class of deities: Halupe "Convincer" (p. 225)
p. 226 |
Kidul "Thunderer" of the Sky-World |
his son Bagilat "Lightning" |
|
of kinds of thunder |
|
of kinds of fear |
|
of relaxing |
|
of soft words |
|
of agreement |
|
"Dumb" |
|
"Slowness" |
classes of deities
page |
ordinal of class |
# |
type |
p. 226 |
7th |
Hidit -- to waft odors of food |
|
8th |
70 |
Pili -- to protect property & rights of nobles |
|
p. 227 |
Amud {cf.Amudon in Urantia Book} of the ownership-"loop" (pudun) |
||
p. 228 |
9th |
Makalun "Messenger" |
|
flying-monsters, the 1st in a priest's life to possess him |
|||
p. 229 |
10th |
46 |
Pouk -- wind deities -- gods of bees' wax {cf. [Maya] Bacab-ob} |
11th |
Umaladan "Spiral-Uppers" in Dagahna (sub-basement of the Universe) |
||
12th |
Pumihdol -- "caused boils and toumors" |
||
13th |
Liblibaiyu -- causing liver-ailments |
||
14th |
Tinikmal -- "caused headaches" |
||
15th |
Bubulnit -- caused wounds, bruises, fractures |
||
p. 230 |
16th |
Baiyan -- caused arthritis & rheumatism |
|
17th |
Bayiad -- "payment deities" |
||
to Pati from Humadol were given by Bumabakal bamboo tubes containing the diseases, which P. can now release: Smallpox, Headache, Flux, Constipation, Rheumatism, Chicken Pox,malaria, Spit, Fever, Inflamation, Mumps, etc. |
|||
18th |
Gatui "winged dogs with human faces" |
||
p. 231 |
19th |
Bumugi "Spitter"-- tricked recently dead souls into betraying their children and loved ones |
further enumeration of deity-classes "no longer followed the sequence in which they occurred at the ceremonies" (p. 231) [? author's numerical restoration of sequence:-]
page |
ordinal of class |
type |
p. 231 |
26th |
Taiyaban (flying monsters) -- causing blindness, paralysis, deafness |
Sink-hole |
||
Landslide |
||
Weir |
||
p. 232 |
Thorny-Thicket |
|
Tributary-Streams |
||
Tree-Fork |
||
Gravel-Bed |
||
Rock |
||
Terrace-Bank |
||
Nightflyer |
||
Water-Place |
||
Mountain-Pass |
||
Mountain-Peak |
||
p. 233 |
28th |
Poglan "the ending deities, were the gods of death." |
29th |
Imbagaiyon -- "conductors of souls that had died" |
|
30th |
Anob -- "ghouls who ate, married, or enslaved the souls of the dead." |
|
Rat {also 1st of Chinese 12} |
||
Cat |
||
Hound |
||
Python |
||
Carabao |
||
Civet-Cat |
||
Feral-Swine |
||
Swine |
||
Cobra |
||
31st |
Banig -- ghosts (of people) "who had failed to leave the earth" {= preta-s} |
|
p. 234 |
38th |
Pahan -- soul-stealers in Sky-World |
40th |
Kibkiblu "were invoked in postburial funeral services." |
|
36th |
ancestral terrace-builders |
|
39th |
Pahiu -- "somehow intermarried the gods" = [Bontoc Igorot] high-god married +Fukan, their ancestress |
|
32nd |
Pumupud -- "obstetrical deities" |
|
Dam-Builder |
||
Plaster-Upper |
||
Tear-Downer |
||
Vagina-Blocker |
||
Shifter |
||
21st |
Kawil -- "activating talismen [talismans] ... used in head-hunting" |
|
p. 235 |
23rd |
Bulol -- "granary-idol activation" |
Hagaiyup {cf. H.aggay} -- "to activate the charms used in love and hunting" -- 39 (p. 245) |
||
p. 235 |
20th |
Higap -- "minor war deities" |
battle between "a hard stone and a soft stone" {cf. [Maori] myth of battle between stones}; between fledgling & cock -- they "like raw meat" {= Pis`aca-s} |
||
35th |
Hawat-Buyan -- "diviner deities", "balance egg on the steel blade" |
|
sun; moon; stars |
||
34th |
Makiubaiya "Fond-of-Sugar-Cane" |
|
p. 236 |
27th |
Pinadin -- they own all local game-animals |
25th |
Bakaiyaawan -- "hunting deities" |
|
24th |
Monduntug -- "mountain spirits", "making the snags and thorns soft" |
|
Like-a-Straw |
||
As-If-Rotten |
||
Like-the-Soft-Flopping-Doodad-on-a-Woman's-Headdress |
||
Puddle-Maker |
||
Soft-Like-the-Down-of-a-Runo-Plume |
||
22nd |
Alabat -- "deities of the chase" |
|
Hunter-at-Starting-Place |
||
Encourageth-Hounds |
||
Hurleth-Spear |
||
Holdeth-Quarry |
||
Spurting-Blood |
||
Staining-Vegetation |
||
Cutteth-Off-Head |
||
Shareth-Carcass |
||
33rd |
Binudbud {cf. No^dab} -- "to wrap or tie the animals so that they could not escape"; make men "sexually impotent" (p. 237) |
|
p. 236 |
Wrapped |
|
Get-Between |
||
Covered-with-Lianas |
||
Caught-in-Trap |
||
Stinginess |
||
Fasted |
||
Pacified |
Kilton Stewart: Pygmies and Dream Giants. The Scientific Book Club, London, n.d. [Hapaw Ifugaw]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4: [7:]; 19: itinerary of Wigan of Dukligan -- origin of the Kulpi-sacrifice for ricebeer-fermentation (4:9)
4: |
place |
persons thereat |
:3 |
Halon |
|
Ginihon {cf. |
Habilin {cf. [<ib.] Hebel} |
|
:4 |
Kambulo {cf. [Papuan] god Kambel} |
Buda {cf. [Skt.] god Budha} |
:5 |
Nabyun |
|
Huyuk {cf. [Turk.] Hu:yu:k} |
Ataban |
|
:7 |
Daya |
Ambatan [= Napadawan -- 7:7] |
:8 |
Lagud |
Bulul[; Buyuhya; Hakdol; Ampugawon -- 4:10] |
6:; 11:; 12:; 22: deities (Buni "deity", cf. Persian Bun "religion") who are invoked
6:4 |
11:5&6 |
12:5-7 |
22:6 |
Hellenic |
11:5 Stomach-ache-deities |
||||
the Pinadin |
||||
the Ancestors |
||||
Wakod "Earthquaker" of the Underworld |
Earthquaker of the Underworld |
12:5 Earthquaker of the Underworld |
Earthquaker of the Underworld |
Poseidon |
Idul "Thunderer" of the Skyworld |
Thunderer of the Skyworld |
12:6 Thunderer of the Skyworld |
Thunderer of the Skyworld |
Zeus |
11:6 [enumerated backwards] |
||||
Deity Petnon "Giving-Growth" of the Underworld |
3. Deity Giving-Growth of the Underworld |
12:7 Deity Giving-Growth of the Underworld |
Deity Giving-Growth of the Underworld |
|
Buni "Deity" of the Skyworld |
Deity of the Skyworld |
Deity of the Skyworld |
||
Wanwan "River"-deity |
River-deity |
River-deity |
||
deity of the Lagud |
2. deity of the Lagud |
deity of the Lagud |
deity of the Lagud |
|
Namanke "Farmer"-deities |
1. Farmer-deities |
|||
Namayan "Foetus-maker" deities |
Hephaistos |
|||
the Tanig |
31:-39: deities invoked in the Pahan [name of province in Malaya] sacrifice
31:3; 32:3; 33:3; 34:3; 35:3; 36:3; 37:3; 38:3; 39:3 |
39:25 |
40: deities travelled to by Amtalaw [cf. 46:3-9; 51:15-22] |
43:2 [cf. 65:3; 69:3; 94:2; 95:2; 96:2; 97:2; 98:2; 99:2; 100:2; 101:2; 104:2]. deities causing sickness |
48:22 deities of the Ipad feast |
Deity of the Underworld |
Earthquaker of the Underworld |
:5 Earthquaker of the Underworld |
Earthquaker of the Underworld |
Earthquaker of the Underworld |
Deity of the Skyworld |
Thunderer of the Skyworld |
:6 Thunderer of the Skyworld |
Thunderer of the Skyworld |
Thunderer of the Skyworld |
Deity Giving-Growth of the Underworld |
Deity Giving-Growth of the Underworld |
Deity Giving-Growth of the Underworld |
||
Deity of the Skyworld |
Deity of the Skyworld |
Deity of the Skyworld |
||
River-deity |
River-deity |
River-deity |
||
deity of Lagud |
deity of Lagud |
deity of Lagud |
||
+Bright-being wife of the Sun |
+Bright-being wife of the Sun |
:7 +Bright-being |
+Bright-being wife of the Sun |
+Bright-being wife of the Sun |
Linan the Moon |
Linan the Moon |
:8 Linan the Moon |
Linan the Moon |
Linan the Moon |
Night-beings |
Night-beings |
Night-beings |
Night-beings |
|
Star-deities |
Star-deities |
:9 Bittu "Stars" |
Star-deities |
|
Foetus-maker deities |
Foetus-maker deities |
:10 Foetus-maker deities |
Foetus-maker deities |
Foetus-maker deities |
Abat ghost-deities |
Abat ghost-deities |
|||
Umidaw ghost-deities |
||||
:11 Crocodile of the Underworld |
||||
:12 Dapine of the Underworld |
||||
:13 Moteel of the Underworld |
||||
:14 Nabawigan of the Underworld |
||||
:15 Tiyub of the Underworld |
||||
Munkiwkiw of the Underworld |
||||
Pumayanpan of the Underworld |
13: twin-sons of +Bugan daughter of Amtalaw of the Skyworld
13: |
Balitog |
Patal |
:14 |
front door |
back door |
:20 |
east |
west |
:26 |
Earthquaker of the Underworld |
Thunderer of the Skyworld |
:29 |
the Typhoon of Lagud |
the Typhoon of Daya |
:34-35 |
:34 the Rain of Lagud |
:35 the Rain of Daya |
:36 |
his grandson |
his granddaughter |
13: twin-brethren Balitog & Patal, joint-ventures of
13: |
they together killed, dismembered, & ate a __ |
:39 |
crocodile |
:40 |
deer |
:41 |
male vulture |
:42 |
python |
banbanawon worm |
17:4-11 [62:4-11] itinerary of Wigan of Dukligan -- origin of the Pahan sacrifice (17:13)
17: |
locality |
denizen |
:4 |
river at Lagud |
crocodile |
:5 |
mountain forest at Patekel |
hakuku (python) |
:5-11 |
:10-11 offering to guests of human brains as food |
:5 +Bright-being wife of the Sun |
19: itinerary of Bulul (son of Hakdol son of Buyuhya son of Ampugawon, 19:4) of Lagud
[contrast 64:7 Bulul son of Tapayu ("mud") son of Iyuna son of Elewon]
19: |
locality |
denizen |
:6 |
Ipadal |
|
:7 |
Dotal |
Naaw |
:8 |
Duklo |
Pumihik son of Paniki |
:9 |
Buninan |
Manotnot son of Makhiit |
:10 |
Halaw |
Buybuyawon |
:11 |
Mahiniw |
Lagayan son of Oloy |
:12 |
Linog |
Gumindol |
:13 |
Mayawyaw (?) |
Balatayon son of Kimminon |
:14 |
Bayuwan |
Duyug |
:15 |
Bonan |
Ingolyo & Aniwan |
20: itinerary of the Boley-deities Naliwhan, Tududan [var. Tunudan, 69:12], and Inyaya, to restore/return to her husband Wigan his (W.'s) wife +Bugan, after she had been abducted (:4) to the Skyworld by them (Boley-deities); as he (W.) had dreamt (:2) and was told (:5) by Pudunan -- 69: itinerary of the Boley-deities in carrying sick child ("These are all villages in the Skyworld, the dwelling places of the Boley deities." p. 393, fn.13)
20: |
locality |
69:6, 13- localities whither was carried sick child |
p. 393, fn. 13 variants of names |
[start out in Heaven] |
|||
:6 Madulimay |
Madulimag |
||
Mataptapog |
|||
:7 |
Nungawa |
Nungawa |
|
Nunhunug |
Munhunug |
||
Munilig |
Munilig [Nunilig, :13] |
||
Tolpokan |
:13 Tolpokan |
||
:8 |
Nalamlatog |
:14 Nalamlatog |
|
Mt. Naoldihan |
Naoldihan |
||
:11 |
"arrive on Earth." |
:15 "go down to the Earth" |
|
:12 |
Liwliw |
||
:13 |
Pagapat |
||
:14 |
Dukligan |
{with BOLEY cf. BOLE[Y] as name of tribe in Gold Coast}
25: itinerary of Wigan of Dukligan to the barricade of the Deity Giving-Growth of the Underworld (:3)
25: |
locality |
:4 |
Mayawyaw |
Linog |
|
Batitiw |
|
:5 |
Pola |
Tudal |
|
Numbaluknitan |
|
Palatig |
|
Mabanag |
|
Liwliw |
|
:6 |
Boka |
Lapakoy, source of the river Kianan |
|
Lagud |
29:2; 31:2; 32:2; 33:2; 34:2; 35:2; 36:2; 37:2; 38:2; 39:2 eponyms of tribe as bringers of food-provisions-devouring "worms"
eponym |
tribe |
Lian |
Bahilog |
Pulaw {cf. Pelew Is.} |
Kadaklan |
Hagaol |
Dupak |
Amakiw |
Kadaklan {cf. Kodiak I.} |
33: [cf. 54:4-6] places whereat the Panonekel bird-of-prey successively caught crocodiles
33: |
diving-places |
:7 |
Ayuwon |
:8 |
Alawanan |
:9 |
Ilagan |
:10 |
Dulug |
54: enemy-places where, at requaest by the Panonekel, the captive crocodile swung its tail, and swallowed the hapag (chieftain)
54: |
place |
:9 |
Hogop |
:10 |
Duklo |
Buninan |
|
:11 |
Dilan |
:12 |
Lukukan |
:13 |
Mayawyaw |
38:5-8 [55:5-8]; 39:17 animal-saviors (mascots) placed under his own house (etc.) by Wigan, in order to use them to combat (38:9) the Mabaki deities of enemy-tribes
38: [55:] |
39:17 |
|
fire |
||
bamboo whereinto that fire is sucked |
||
hound |
||
:5 |
deer |
|
boar |
||
:6 |
crocodile |
crocodile |
boa |
boa |
|
python |
python |
|
tuwik bird-of-prey |
||
:7 |
bululihiw bird-of-prey |
bululihiw bird-of-prey |
gayan bird-of-prey |
||
hound |
||
flea |
flea |
|
:8 |
mosquito |
|
bee |
bee |
{with winding of python around neck of wife of the Sun (77:7) cf. snakes winding around arms of +Bhadra-kali}
{with cutting-into-pieces (77:4) by the 2 Paniyaw-gods of the praegnant wife of Wigan, cf. [Aztec] +Coyol-xauhqui}
39: itinerary of Wigan seeking knower of powerful prayers
39: |
place |
person |
:5 |
grassy places |
Matep |
:6 |
Bunyihan |
Galunugon |
:7 |
Hakmal |
Baniban |
:8 |
Hanana |
|
Mt. Paganapan |
son of the Star-of-the-Skyworld son of the Tallo-star-of-Lagud {cf. [>aramaic] bar-Kokba"son-of-Star"} |
|
:11 |
Linayan |
|
Dukligan |
||
:12 |
Banaan |
|
Hapuwan |
||
:13 |
Hapaw |
|
Inlinooy |
||
:14 |
Ahin |
|
Agoneen |
Anguyawon |
43:10 naputput-disease creatures expelled from the dead Wigan of Dukligan by Wigan of the Skyworld
worms |
eels |
attip-worms |
banbanawan-insects |
centipedes |
45:10-12, 24, 26, 28, 30, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41 "bad omens" (p. 264, fn. 3) at the childbirth by +Bugan daughter of Amtalaw -- 84:10-11 animals (as numbered) successively given birth to by same
45: |
84:10-11 |
84:10-11, 19, 26 |
ido-bird |
||
a [land-]slide |
(:10) 1st |
pig |
rolling stone |
2nd |
feral pig |
a cloud |
3rd |
deer |
hikot-bird |
4th |
squirrel |
rainbow |
5th |
hound |
puktiyaw-bird |
6th |
cat |
a tree |
7th |
tuwog monkey |
locust |
8th |
snake |
LIZARD |
9th |
LIZARD |
frog |
(:11th) 10th |
crab |
duliduli-wasp |
11th |
baby boy |
glowworm |
||
owl |
||
halakhat bird-of-prey |
||
umol bird-of-prey |
48: temptation & patience of Wigan the Ifugaw
Ifugao |
<ibri^ comparative |
:3-5 Thunderer of the Skyworld requaested of Earthquaker of the Underworld for permission to slay Wigan, but this permission was refused. |
S`at.an requaested of YHWH for permission to slay >iyob, but this permission was refused. |
In a compromise, it was permitted that the house of Wigan be demolished (:6) instead, and his livestock killed (:7). |
In a compromise, it was permitted that the house of >iyob be demolished instead, and his livestock killed. |
49:2 Tubotbal tale is sponsored by Wigan-of-the-Skyworld son of Matban of the Skyworld son of Himbiyan of the Skyworld |
>aB (God the"Father") is heavenly counterpart of the earthly >iyoB |
{ with TUBoTBAL cf. name of Californian tribe TU:BaTu:laBAL}
50: event of Dinapayan of Daya (:4)
While the star-goddesses "take a bath in the river" (p. 303, fn. 1), [having laid their skirts on the river-banks in order to bathe nude,] the skirt of one of them is purloined by a man (:5). |
{cf. Acyuta Kr.s.na stealing the skirts of all the women who were bathing nude at Vrn.d.avana } |
"The skirts of the Stars are also their wings with which they fly to their place in the sky after bathing in the river." (p. 303, fn. 2) The star-goddess whose skirt had been purloined "could not fly away together with them." (:6) |
{cf. [Aztec] goddess +Citlallinicue "starry skirt"} |
She became wife of that man, who brought her skirt to Binon (:7). |
{Acyuta brought that of +Radha to Mathura.} |
52: descendants of the twins Panuldihon & Panudyawon
twin |
Panuldihon |
Panudyawon |
52:4 begat __ |
5 children |
7 children |
[other] |
53:6 was eaten by the Crocodile of the Underworld |
52:8 obtained bilabil worms and "the Tanig -- namely, a pig, a dog, a boar, a cat, and an amunin." |
81: joint-activities: attempted ambushes by Panuldihon & Panudyawon
81: |
intended ambush |
which is s[itting-]p[lace] or [path]w[ay] of the people of __ |
88: |
seeking of his hound by Wigan: Apag rites (:11) |
comparative |
:2 |
Mt. Etiit |
||||
:3 |
Daya |
||||
:3 |
Mt. Amuyaw |
s.p. Barlig |
Mt. Amuyaw |
||
:4 |
w. Lias |
:4 |
Uguug |
>gag |
|
Pulyaw |
Yuknug |
||||
:5 |
Logob |
||||
Uyaw |
Kadaklan |
Kadaklan |
[Bon] Uye |
||
Pinunutan |
Lonah |
:5 |
Lonah |
||
:6 |
Ananney |
Tunlayan |
:6 |
Tunlayan |
[Quic^e] Tohil |
Batuun |
Alulugan {cf. Carolinian god Aluluei} |
Ubuub |
>abib |
||
:7 |
Lagan |
Agulunan |
Agulunan (etc.) |
<eglo^n |
|
Awaw |
Pantol |
||||
Nunluwan |
Gahaban |
||||
:8 |
Butigi |
Baloko |
81: sequel to the attempted ambushes, continuation of joint-acts by Panuldihon & Panudyawon
further attempted aggression |
comparative |
:9 the would-be ambushers break through the stone wall protecting heaven |
likewise in Iban myth of expedition: break through the stone wall protecting heaven |
:11 in heaven, they hurl spears at the Apunal-deities; but 10 [all females?], including the wife of the Sun, stand their ground [repraesenting the10 lunar-months of praegnancy?] |
the 10 Maha-vidya goddesses |
:12 "And they say: "Look you, blood and blood at our genital organs."" [menstrual blood] |
|
:13 fearful of that blood, the expedition returned to Earth |
Bellerophon & Cu-Chulain both retreated from naked women (GM 75.5) (B&R, pp. 84-85) |
73: 4 [cf. 74:4] abducted wife is located imprisoned under "lake of Lagud -- the bottom of which is the house of":
Paniyaw [son of Binukwit, 75:4] of the Underworld |
Nilin of the Underworld |
Hulipot of the Underworld |
{cf. imprisonment of +Semele (the mother of Dionusos) under lake Lerne = [Irish] Lorna Dun}
65:10 list of sacrifices (rituals)
sacrifice |
meaning |
Pannan |
|
Kulpi |
|
Boto |
Harvest |
Hignup |
Storing |
Pahan |
|
Alawit |
funeral rite
Ifugaw: appeal to "Arranger"-god |
cf. Dhatr. the "arranger" of funeral (FPZ, p. 343, fn. 4) |
Carlos R. Medina: 106 Ifugao Abu'wab Tales Documented by Frans Lambrecht. Saint Louis U., Baguio City, 2000-2001.
GM = Robert Graves: The Greek Myths. 1955.
B&R = Mircea Eliade: Birth and Rebirth. NY: Harper & Row, 1958. [quoting from:- Joseph Dunn: Tain Bo Cualgne.
London, 1914. pp. 60 ff.]
FPZ = Mircea Eliade: From Primitives to Zen. Harper & Row, Evanston, 1967. [quoting: R.c Veda 10:18]