Exploring Antient Skies (12)
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12.5 p. 362a "Thomas Barthel was the first to recognize that seven of the symbols in the co-called "planetary band" on the coffin of Pacal, king of Palenque, were the symbols of the "seven planets" of the ancient world in their weekday order." (depicted in p. 362b, Fig. 12.6)
# |
planet |
symbol |
1st |
sun |
"stylized head of the Sun god" |
2nd |
moon |
"crescent Moon" |
3rd |
Mars |
"patron deity of the month Zip" |
4th |
Mercury |
"crossbands" [its orbit crossing ecliptic] |
5th |
Jupiter |
[tasseled object] |
6th |
Venus |
"star" glyph |
7th |
Saturn |
"night" glyph (on "Principal Bird Deity" at Izapa) |
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12.6 p. 363a birth-dates of deities constituting the "Palenque Triad" -- significance as birth-dates suggested in Seler (1902-3), pp. 17-9
date |
deity |
p. 368a earlier incarnation of god |
1.18.5.3.2 9 Ik 15 Ceh |
GI = Venus-god |
12.10.1.13.2 9 Ik 5 Mol |
1.18.5.3.6 13 Cimi 9 Ceh |
GII = "Jaguar Baby" twin-god |
|
1.18.5.4.0 1 Ahau 13 Mac |
GIII = "God K" |
on p. 368a GI is described as Venus-god in contrast to Mercury-god.
on p. 367a Venus-god is aequated with 9 Ehecatl Tlahuiz-calpan-tecuhtli, in contrast to Mercury-god Quetal-coatl.
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12.6 pp. 363-364, Table 12.7(a) correlations of dates in Madrid Codex with birth-dates of planetary deities
p. |
Madrid Codex |
Aztec calendar-name of deity |
363 |
9 Ik 15 Xul |
9 Ehecatl Quetzal-coatl |
(1 Cauac 12 C^>en) |
1 Quiahuitl [Mixtec] "Rain-god" |
|
4 Ik 15 C^>en |
2 Ehecatl "Tlaloc-Quetzalcoatl" |
|
8 Etz>nab 11 Ceh |
8 Tecpatl Tlaloc-cihuatl (f.) |
|
9 Cauac 12 Ceh |
9 Quiahuitl Tlaloc |
|
364 |
3 Etz>nab 11 Muan |
3 Tecpatl [Mixtec] wife of games-god |
1 Ben 1 Zip |
1 Acatl of Tollan (son of Mix-coatl) |
|
8 Eb 19 Zec |
8 Malinalli Chachihuitl-icue (f.) |
|
13 Cimi 14 Pop |
13 Miquiztli (Underworld-god) |
|
7 Cimi 14 Uo |
7 Miquiztli "Lord of Death" |
|
5 Ahau 13 Muan |
5 Xochitl the games-god |
|
10 C^icc^an 18 Muan |
base of haab-cuc ("cycle of years") |
|
9 Oc 18 Zac |
9 Itzcuintli Chantico (f.) |
|
9 C^icc^an 18 Mol |
9 Coatl Xolotl |
|
1 Ahau 13 Muan |
1 Xochitl Cin-teotl |
|
12 Lamat 11 Zip |
"Mars beast" |
|
12 Lamat 1 Xul |
(Huitzil-opochtli) |
Kelley (1980)
12.6 p. 365, Table 12.7(b) correlations of dates in Madrid Codex with birth-dates of lunar deities
Madrid Codex |
Aztec calendar-name of deity |
2 Ahau 13 C^>en |
2 Xochitl "assistant pulque goddess" |
3 Imix 14 C^>en |
3 Cipactli "pulque goddess" |
17 C^icc^an 18 C^>en |
7 Coatl the maize-goddess |
8 Cimi 19 C^>en |
(goddess Cihua-coatl) |
12 Ben 6 Kayab |
12 Acatl Coatl-icue (f.) |
1 Men 8 Kayab |
1 Quauhtli Xochi-quetzal (f.) |
1 Lamat 1 Cumku |
1 Tochtli Mayauel (f.) |
7 Ix 7 Cumku |
"gourd" |
1 Imix 14 Cumku |
1 Cipactli Ilama-tecuhtli (f.) |
8 C^uen 19 Yaxkin |
"god of the Moon" |
6 C^uen 19 Pax |
6 Ozomatli Tecciztecatl |
9 Muluc 11 Cumku |
(goddess Xquic?) |
6 Ben 16 Pop |
6 Acatl Tlazol-teotl (f.) |
9 Eb 5 Mac |
(Mixtec goddess) |
11 C^icc^an 3 Uayeb |
11 Coatl "beheaded deity with opossum" |
12 Lamat 1 Muan |
12 Tochtli rabbit in moon |
Kelley (1980)
12.6 p. 366, Table 12.7(c) correlations of dates in Madrid Codex with birth-dates of deities of aequinoctes and of solstices
Madrid Codex |
Maya and/or Aztec deity |
direction |
1 Imix 14 Zec |
yellow Bacab Hobnil = blue Tezcatli-poca |
south |
3 Ix 7 Zac |
red Bacab Cantzicnal = black Tezcatli-poca |
east |
(6 Lamat 1 Muan) |
white Bacab Zini = white Tezcatli-poca |
north |
4 Caban 5 Pop |
black Bacab Hozan-ek = red Tezcatli-poca |
west |
Kelley (1980)
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12.8 p. 372b Maya & Cora Lizard-god : "the name of Itzamna, the Maya culture hero, as "Iguana House," ... . The Cora reference makes Iguana ... the owner of fire, which was stolen from him by Opossum (Munn 1984, p. 29)."
{In Maidu, Ac^omawi, and Yana myths, though its owners endeavour to keep it secret, the fire is noticed by Lizard. -- BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, Vol. XVII (1905), Pt. III (pp. 119-346) = Roland Burrage Dixon : The Northern Maidu. p. 339}
myths involving Lizard in theft of fire
tribe |
original owner of fire |
successful thief of the fire |
reference |
|
Miwok |
p. 285 Eagle |
p. 284 Lizard noticed the fire |
p. 285 Mouse, in 4 flutes |
MM, pp. 284-6 |
Maidu |
Thunder & daughters |
" " " |
Mouse, in flute |
ML |
Western S^os^oni |
p. 255 people at shore |
p. 255 " " " |
pp. 255-6 relay : Coyote-Jackrabbit-Rat |
SWShM, pp. 255-6 |
MM = "MIWOK MYTHS" by Edward Winslow Gifford [1917] (UCPAE, Vol. 12, No. 8, pp. 283-338) http://sacred-texts.com/nam/ca/mim/mim03.htm
ML = http://www.firstpeople.us/FP-Html-Legends/TheTheftofFire-Maidu.html
SWShM = Some Western Shoshoni Myths by Julian H. Steward = BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 136 [1943] http://www.sacred-texts.com/nam/ca/wsm/wsm04.htm
The mouse-god (Smintheus – GM 21.3) Apollon is player (GM 17.e) of the shepherd’s flute.
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12.22 pp. 401-402 asterisms of the Huave in Oaxaca
p. |
asterism |
meaning |
identity |
401 |
s^ikip |
? |
Pleiades |
mahtsoy |
pelican |
Aldebaran & Hyades |
|
roob |
"bellows" |
Orion’s Sword |
|
nemeahmeay |
handle with red macaw-feather |
Orion’s Belt {cf. Kogi "red jaguar"} |
|
miwiil roob |
"tail of the bellows" |
Sirius |
|
ihkiaw okas |
"two stars" |
Castor & Pollux |
|
kinc^ |
big crab |
head of Hydra |
|
pilaw |
little crab |
c, d Cancri |
|
nepep |
blowgun |
sickle of Leo |
|
markesand (Sp.) |
sacred rectangle of wood |
trapezium of Corvus |
|
402 |
napi:p |
scorpion |
Scorpius |
s^iki:w |
deer (frontal view) |
5 stars of Sagittarius |
|
eskalera (Sp.) |
ladder |
a, b Centauri |
|
nimeec^ |
crooked-armed "devil" |
Navio [Argo] |
|
ndii:k |
horned snake |
Cassiopeia & Perseus |
|
Pilmii:k |
sea-horse |
Ursa major |
Lupo (1984/1991)
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David H. Kelley & Eugene R. Milone : Exploring Ancient Skies : an Encyclopedic Survey of Archaeoastronomy. Springer Verlag, 2005.