Exploring Antient Skies (12)

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12.5 p. 362a "Thomas Barthel was the first to recognize that seven of the symbols in the co-called "planetary band" on the coffin of Pacal, king of Palenque, were the symbols of the "seven planets" of the ancient world in their weekday order." (depicted in p. 362b, Fig. 12.6)

#

planet

symbol

1st

sun

"stylized head of the Sun god"

2nd

moon

"crescent Moon"

3rd

Mars

"patron deity of the month Zip"

4th

Mercury

"crossbands" [its orbit crossing ecliptic]

5th

Jupiter

[tasseled object]

6th

Venus

"star" glyph

7th

Saturn

"night" glyph (on "Principal Bird Deity" at Izapa)

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12.6 p. 363a birth-dates of deities constituting the "Palenque Triad" -- significance as birth-dates suggested in Seler (1902-3), pp. 17-9

date

deity

p. 368a earlier incarnation of god

1.18.5.3.2 9 Ik 15 Ceh

GI = Venus-god

12.10.1.13.2 9 Ik 5 Mol

1.18.5.3.6 13 Cimi 9 Ceh

GII = "Jaguar Baby" twin-god

 

1.18.5.4.0 1 Ahau 13 Mac

GIII = "God K"

 

on p. 368a GI is described as Venus-god in contrast to Mercury-god.

on p. 367a Venus-god is aequated with 9 Ehecatl Tlahuiz-calpan-tecuhtli, in contrast to Mercury-god Quetal-coatl.

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12.6 pp. 363-364, Table 12.7(a) correlations of dates in Madrid Codex with birth-dates of planetary deities

p.

Madrid Codex

Aztec calendar-name of deity

363

9 Ik 15 Xul

9 Ehecatl Quetzal-coatl

 

(1 Cauac 12 C^>en)

1 Quiahuitl [Mixtec] "Rain-god"

 

4 Ik 15 C^>en

2 Ehecatl "Tlaloc-Quetzalcoatl"

 

8 Etz>nab 11 Ceh

8 Tecpatl Tlaloc-cihuatl (f.)

 

9 Cauac 12 Ceh

9 Quiahuitl Tlaloc

364

3 Etz>nab 11 Muan

3 Tecpatl [Mixtec] wife of games-god

 

1 Ben 1 Zip

1 Acatl of Tollan (son of Mix-coatl)

 

8 Eb 19 Zec

8 Malinalli Chachihuitl-icue (f.)

 

13 Cimi 14 Pop

13 Miquiztli (Underworld-god)

 

7 Cimi 14 Uo

7 Miquiztli "Lord of Death"

 

5 Ahau 13 Muan

5 Xochitl the games-god

 

10 C^icc^an 18 Muan

base of haab-cuc ("cycle of years")

 

9 Oc 18 Zac

9 Itzcuintli Chantico (f.)

 

9 C^icc^an 18 Mol

9 Coatl Xolotl

 

1 Ahau 13 Muan

1 Xochitl Cin-teotl

 

12 Lamat 11 Zip

"Mars beast"

 

12 Lamat 1 Xul

(Huitzil-opochtli)

Kelley (1980)

12.6 p. 365, Table 12.7(b) correlations of dates in Madrid Codex with birth-dates of lunar deities

Madrid Codex

Aztec calendar-name of deity

2 Ahau 13 C^>en

2 Xochitl "assistant pulque goddess"

3 Imix 14 C^>en

3 Cipactli "pulque goddess"

17 C^icc^an 18 C^>en

7 Coatl the maize-goddess

8 Cimi 19 C^>en

(goddess Cihua-coatl)

12 Ben 6 Kayab

12 Acatl Coatl-icue (f.)

1 Men 8 Kayab

1 Quauhtli Xochi-quetzal (f.)

1 Lamat 1 Cumku

1 Tochtli Mayauel (f.)

7 Ix 7 Cumku

"gourd"

1 Imix 14 Cumku

1 Cipactli Ilama-tecuhtli (f.)

8 C^uen 19 Yaxkin

"god of the Moon"

6 C^uen 19 Pax

6 Ozomatli Tecciztecatl

9 Muluc 11 Cumku

(goddess Xquic?)

6 Ben 16 Pop

6 Acatl Tlazol-teotl (f.)

9 Eb 5 Mac

(Mixtec goddess)

11 C^icc^an 3 Uayeb

11 Coatl "beheaded deity with opossum"

12 Lamat 1 Muan

12 Tochtli rabbit in moon

Kelley (1980)

12.6 p. 366, Table 12.7(c) correlations of dates in Madrid Codex with birth-dates of deities of aequinoctes and of solstices

Madrid Codex

Maya and/or Aztec deity

direction

1 Imix 14 Zec

yellow Bacab Hobnil = blue Tezcatli-poca

south

3 Ix 7 Zac

red Bacab Cantzicnal = black Tezcatli-poca

east

(6 Lamat 1 Muan)

white Bacab Zini = white Tezcatli-poca

north

4 Caban 5 Pop

black Bacab Hozan-ek = red Tezcatli-poca

west

Kelley (1980)

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12.8 p. 372b Maya & Cora Lizard-god : "the name of Itzamna, the Maya culture hero, as "Iguana House," ... . The Cora reference makes Iguana ... the owner of fire, which was stolen from him by Opossum (Munn 1984, p. 29)."

{In Maidu, Ac^omawi, and Yana myths, though its owners endeavour to keep it secret, the fire is noticed by Lizard. -- BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, Vol. XVII (1905), Pt. III (pp. 119-346) = Roland Burrage Dixon : The Northern Maidu. p. 339}

myths involving Lizard in theft of fire

tribe

original owner of fire

 

successful thief of the fire

reference

Miwok

p. 285 Eagle

p. 284 Lizard noticed the fire

p. 285 Mouse, in 4 flutes

MM, pp. 284-6

Maidu

Thunder & daughters

" " "

Mouse, in flute

ML

Western S^os^oni

p. 255 people at shore

p. 255 " " "

pp. 255-6 relay : Coyote-Jackrabbit-Rat

SWShM, pp. 255-6

MM = "MIWOK MYTHS" by Edward Winslow Gifford [1917] (UCPAE, Vol. 12, No. 8, pp. 283-338) http://sacred-texts.com/nam/ca/mim/mim03.htm

ML = http://www.firstpeople.us/FP-Html-Legends/TheTheftofFire-Maidu.html

SWShM = Some Western Shoshoni Myths by Julian H. Steward = BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 136 [1943] http://www.sacred-texts.com/nam/ca/wsm/wsm04.htm

The mouse-god (Smintheus – GM 21.3) Apollon is player (GM 17.e) of the shepherd’s flute.

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12.22 pp. 401-402 asterisms of the Huave in Oaxaca

p.

asterism

meaning

identity

401

s^ikip

?

Pleiades

 

mahtsoy

pelican

Aldebaran & Hyades

 

roob

"bellows"

Orion’s Sword

 

nemeahmeay

handle with red macaw-feather

Orion’s Belt {cf. Kogi "red jaguar"}

 

miwiil roob

"tail of the bellows"

Sirius

 

ihkiaw okas

"two stars"

Castor & Pollux

 

kinc^

big crab

head of Hydra

 

pilaw

little crab

c, d Cancri

 

nepep

blowgun

sickle of Leo

 

markesand (Sp.)

sacred rectangle of wood

trapezium of Corvus

402

napi:p

scorpion

Scorpius

 

s^iki:w

deer (frontal view)

5 stars of Sagittarius

 

eskalera (Sp.)

ladder

a, b Centauri

 

nimeec^

crooked-armed "devil"

Navio [Argo]

 

ndii:k

horned snake

Cassiopeia & Perseus

 

Pilmii:k

sea-horse

Ursa major

Lupo (1984/1991)

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David H. Kelley & Eugene R. Milone : Exploring Ancient Skies : an Encyclopedic Survey of Archaeoastronomy. Springer Verlag, 2005.