Body and Soul

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pp. 1-46 Amar Annus : "The Soul’s Journey and Tauroctony".

p. 8 Sumerian (at Lagas^) levels of temple E-ninnu ["the house of fifty (powers)"]

level

mentioned on Gudea Cylindres 562-577

deity (deduced)

7th

"moonlight"

Moon-god Su-en

6th

"day"

Sun-god Ud

5th

"blue sky"

Sky-god An

4th

"panther embracing a fierce lion"

goddess In-anna

3rd

"Anzud bird enveloping its fledging with its wings"

god Nin-girsu

2nd

"topped-off jar"

?

1st

"string"

?

p. 9 colors & planets of the 7 concentric city-walls (according to Herodotos 1:98) at Ekbatane (in Media), and of the stages of the ziggurat (according to Simo Parpola : Assyrian Prophecies = STATE ARCHIVES OF ASSYRIA, 9. Helsinki, 1997. xcii, n. 114) at Dur-S^arruken (in As^s^ur)

wall / stage

color

planet

1st

white

Venus

2nd

black

Saturn

3rd

purple

Mars

4th

blue

Mercury

5th

orange

Jupiter

6th

gold

Sun

7th

silver

Moon

p. 10 in the teaching of the Persian and in the mystery of Mithras : metals of gates of the ladder to the fixed stars, with reasons for assignments of metals to deities of planet (Origenes : Contra Celsum 6:22, in :- Marvin W. Meyer : The Ancient Mysteries : a sourcebook. San Francisco : Harper, 1987. 209)

gate

metal

nature of metal

planet-deity

1st

lead

"slowness"

Kronos

2nd

tin

"softness"

Aphrodite

3rd

bronze

"firm"

Zeus

4th

iron

"money" {Spartan iron money (IMS); but "Seneca speaks of leather money used by the Spartans." (S, p. 302)}

Hermes

5th

"mixture"

"varied"

Ares

6th

silver

 

Selene

7th

gold

 

Helios

IMS = http://www.jstor.org/pss/1086107 citing Ploutarkhos : "Life of Lukourgos". {According to Xenophon, Lukourgos made stealing honorable (http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/sparta-a.html ), which might explain the relationship of iron coinage to Hermes, the god of thieves.}

S = Humfrey Michell : Sparta. U of Chicago Pr, 1964. http://books.google.com/books?id=DD84AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA302&lpg=PA302&dq= citing Seneca : "De Benefic." 5:14:4 {The "leather money" of Hermes may allude to how Hermes "spread slippery hides" (GM 93.b) for Apemosune.}

planetary metals

{Mithraic "bronze" ought perhaps to be "copper", which readily conducteth the electricity of the thunderbolt of Zeus}

p. 14 In-anna requaested of the male deities that they not allow their "precious metal be alloyed there in ... the underworld."

{Inamuch as this alloying may allude to the Mithraic "mixture" of metals in Ares, therefore In-anna as Aphrodite committed (according to the Iliad) adultery (similar to illegitimate alloying) with Ares, so that

the imprisonment of Dumuzi as surrogate for her may refer to

the netting of Ares (GM 18.b).

(p. 15, citing Lapinkivi 2004, 190) the assistance (enabling her to escape) rendered to the trapped In-anna by En-ki.

Poseidon managed to obtain the release of (GM 18.c) Aphrodite.

GM = Robert Graves : The Greek Myths. 1955.

pp. 11-12 Manda< deities of planet and their Akkadian originals

p.

day

Manda<

Akkadian

planet

11

1st

S^AMiS^

S^AMaS^

Sun

12

2nd

SiN

Su-eN

Moon

 

3rd

NiRiG

NerGal

Mars

 

4th

NBU

NaBU^

Mercury

 

5th

BiL

BeL

Jupiter

 

6th

LiBAT

DiLBAT

Venus

 

7th

KIwAN

KaJJamANu

Saturn

p. 13 the 7 grades of Mithraic initiation (as per Beck, 2011-3) "associated with the seven planets in the seven planets in the mosaics found in the mithraeum at Ostia" (as per Ulansey 1989. 18-19)

#

grade

planet

1st

Corax (‘Raven’)

Mercury

2nd

Nymphus (‘Male-bride’)

Venus

3rd

Miles (‘Soldier’)

Mars

4th

Leo (‘Lion’)

Jupiter

5th

Perses (‘Persian’)

Moon

6th

Heliodromus (Sun-runner’)

Sun

7th

Pater (‘Father’)

Saturn

Beck = Roger Beck : "Mithraism since Franz Cumont". In :- H. Temporini & W. Haase (eds.) : Aufstieg under Niedergang der ro:manischen Welt. Berlin : de Gruyter, 1984.

Ulansey 1989 = David Ulansey : The Origins of the Mithraic Mysteries. Oxford U Pr, 1989.

Persian mystic divine grotto

{"Mithras was born in a petra or grotto-shrine." (WRZ)}

{So likewise was Iesous Khristos (WRZ, fn. 5).}

p. 13 According to Porphyrios, ""... the Persians, as mystagogues, initiate the mystes by teaching him the downward way of the souls and their way back, and calling the place a grotto" (De antro nympharum 6). ...

{This Magian explication of the divine grotto may be derived from the similar Daoist scheme of the divine grotto.}

Calling the visible world a grotto was most probably influenced by Plato’s allegory of the Cave (Rep. 6-7)." {There are various Zaratustrian grotto-temples. At Pir e-Sabz, "The actual temple of Chak Chak is a man-made grotto sheltered by two large bronze doors." (ZChCh)} {Zaratustra "retired to a circular cave or grotto ... . ... Here ... the four ages of the world were represented by to many globes of gold, silver, brass and iron." (SZ, p. 46, citing Oliver, History of Initiation, p. 9)}

{Surely it is directly from the Magian scheme that the Platonic allegory of the Cave is borrowed; just as the Platonic theory of divine Ideas (Archetypes) is borrowed from Magian praecedents – "living beings have a model or prototype (Avestan ratu) in the world of thought, a category of entities reminiscent of the Platonic ideas." (IZ, p. 15) "Etymologically ... related to Old Indic rtu ... "right moment." (ibid., fn. 4)}

WRZ = http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/ub/v13n07p355_the-wisdom-religion-of-zoroaster.htm

ZChCh = http://www.irantravelingcenter.com/chack_chak_zorroastrian_iran.htm

SZ = ADYAR PAMPHLET 23 = S. Olcott : The Spirit of Zoroastrianism. Theosophical Publishing House, 1913. http://www.archive.org/stream/thespiritofzoro00olcouoft/thespiritofzoro00olcouoft_djvu.txt

IZ = Oktor Skjaervo/ : "Introduction to Zoroastrianism". http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~iranian/Zoroastrianism/zorocomplete.pdf

pp. 10, 14-15 garments of In-anna; Eres^-ki-gal

p. 10

"the colours of the ziggurat’s levels correspond to the seven garments or powers of the goddess [In-anna / Is^tar], which she removes during her descent to the netherworld and subsequently puts on again during her ascent (Lapinkivi 2004, 146-147)."

p. 14

In-anna "goes to the Netherworld ... dressed in her royal garments, holding the seven divine powers (me in Sumerian) in her hand. At each of the seven gates of the Netherworld, Inanna is stripped of her garments, equated with the seven divine powers, from top to bottom. ... When she arrives as her sister’s, Eres^kigal’s throne, she is completely naked (Lapinkivi 2004, 189-90)."

p. 14, fn. 19

"in the later Greek ... magical papyri ... Eres^kigal occurs still only on the texts of the imperial era ... (see Burkert 1992, 68)." {I.e., Eres^-ki-gal was worshipped in Aiguptos only during the same era as that wherein Mitra was worshipped in Europe.}

p. 15

"Finally she [Eres^-ki-gal] allows his [Dumu-zi’s] sister Ges^tinanna to release him by taking by taking his place after six months". {because Dumu-zi = Ares, therefore the sister of Dumu-zi must be Eris, who is "twin-sister" (GM 12.c) of Ares.}

Lapinkivi 2004 = Pirjo Lapinkivi : The Sumerian Sacred Marriage in the Light of Comparative Evidence = STATE ARCHIVES OF ASSYRIA, 15. Helsinki, 2004.

Burkert 1992 = Walter Burkert : The Orientalizing Revolution. Cambridge (MA), 1992.

pp. 16-17, 20-22 metaphors concerning sentiments as "garments" of the soul

p. 16

As described in the left part of the Ginza, " "a soul" makes its upward journey through the heavenly spheres and their watch-houses (mat.arta), each ruled by a planetary spirit. ...

p. 17

After entering the seventh level, we can find a clothing metaphor ... as well".

 

Robe of glory in Syriac theology : "Adam and eve are stripped of their "robes glory/light". In order to remedy the naked state ..., ... the Divinity himself "puts on Adam" {so as to put on the Old Man, instead of putting it off as in Epistle to the Ephesians 4:22} when he "puts on a body", and ... in ... Divinity’s descent into the Jordan ..., ... Christ deposits the "robe of glory/light" in the water, thus making it available to mankind for the second time to be put on in baptism." (citing Brock [1982]) {But, according to St. Ephrem, the fig-tree was withered (Gospel according to Matthew 21:21) because Adam & Eve were to continue going nude! (HP, p. 69)}

p. 20

"The soul arrives at the last heavenly region in a pure state naked."

Porphyrios (De Abstentia 1:31:3) declareth : "Let us ascend to the stadium naked and without a garment to contest the soul’s Olympic Games".

p. 21

According to "Vettius Valens (5.9), "no one is free; all are slaves of Destiny (Heimamene)" (Edmonds 2004, 291)."

 

According to Bardaisan (The Book of the Laws of Countries, cited in Drijvers 1966, p. 86), "the spirits undergo changes while descending to the soul, and the souls while descending to the bodies."

p. 22, fn. 27

According to Michael Syrus, Bardaisan taught that "Our Lord was clothed with the body of an angel, and Mary clothed a soul from the world of light, who enveloped himself in the form of a body. ... (Drijvers 1966, p. 189)."

Brock [1982] = Sebastian Brock : "Clothing Metaphors as a Means of Theological Expression in Syriac Tradition". [In:- M. Schmidt (ed.) : Typus, Symbol, Allegorie bei o:stichen Va:ttern und ihr Parallelen im Mittelalter. 1982.]

HP = Sebastian Brock : Hymns on Paradise. St Vladimir’s Seminary Pr, 1990. http://books.google.com/books?id=1nE1mC6vBaYC&pg=PA69&lpg=PA69&dq=

Drijvers 1966 = Hans J. W. Drijvers : Bardaisan of Edessa. Assen : Van Gorcum & Co., 1966.

p. 18 bestowal of their own attributes by deities upon the institution of kingship, according to Sumerian-Akkadian myth "The Creation of Man and King" (Werner R. Mayer : "Ein Mythos von der Erschaffung des Menschen und des Ko:nigs". In :- ORIENTALIA, N.S. 56 [1987], pp. 55-68)

attribute

deity

crown

Anu

throne

Enlil

weapons

Nergal

radiance

Ninurta

physical beauty

Belit-ili

p. 19 attributes successive acquired by the soul in descent "from the intersection of the zodiac and the Milky Way" through the planetary sphaires, according to Makrobios : Commentary on the Dream of Scipio 1:12:13-14

planetary sphaire

attribute

Saturn

"reason and understanding, called logistikon and theoretikon"

Jupiter

"the power to act, called praktikon"

Mars

"a bold spirit or thymikon"

sun

"sense-perception and imagination, aisthetikon and phantastikon"

Venus

"the impulse of passion, epithymetikon"

Mercury

"the ability to speak and interpret, hermeneutikon"

moon

"the function of molding and increasing bodies, phytikon"

p. 19 evil propensities shed by the soul after death, during its ascension through the planetary sphaires, according to the Hermetic tractate Poimandres (Edmonds, p. 280.)

planet. sphaire

evil propensity

1st

"the energy of increase and decrease"

2nd

"evil machination"

3rd

"the illusion of longing"

4th

"the ruler’s arrogance"

5th

"unholy presumption and daring recklessness"

6th

"the evil impulses that come from wealth"

7th

"the deceit that lies in ambush"

Edmonds 2004 = Radcliffe G. Edmonds : "The Faces of the Moon". In :- R. S. Boustan & A. Y. Reed (eds.) : Heavenly Realms and Earthly Realities in Late Antiquity. Cambridge U Pr, 2004. pp. 275-95

p. 37 gates for souls wherethrough to ascend and descend, according to Porphyrios : De antro nympharum 18 & 29

gate for __

is the __

ascent

sun

descent

moon

pp. 37-38 pairs of lunar & solar deities

p. 37

Gilgames^ said : "I arrived one night at the mountain passes, I saw some lions". "Gilgames^ awoke ... : it was a dream ... of the moon". (Epic of Gilgames^, Tablet IX, pp. 8-14) {with this Sumerian dream about lunar lions, cf. the Nemean Lion (in a cave on mt. Tretos), which was either born from (GM 123.b), or created from sea-foam by (GM 123.c), the moon-goddess Selene} – in contrast to Gilgames^’s having thus been protected by the moon, "the dying Enkidu enters into a dialogue with S^amas^."

p. 38

biography of Bardaisan by Agapios of Mabbug : "according to Bardaisan the Mother of Life every month discards her clothing and goes in to the Father of Life, who has communion with her. She then bears seven sons. ...

Bar Hebraios in the Chronicon ecclesiasticum ... says that the Moon is the Mother of Life and the Sun is the Father of Life. The Moon receives from the Sun the ‘spirit of preservation’, which she sends into the world. (Drijvers 1966, 149)"

pp. 39-40 nature of the moon

p. 39

"Clement relates [Strom. 5.49] that Orpheus called the moon Gorgonian because of its terrifying face ... . Plutarch too knows of this frightening face [Fac. 944bc], which terrifies souls coming out of incarnation ... (Edmonds 2004, 276)."

p. 40

According to Xenokrates and Ploutarkhos "(Obsolescence of Oracles 416c-f) the moon was the proper home of demons. These demons, which occupied the ... moon and the lunar air, acted as mediators between the two worlds of gods and humans. Hekate, who was both an earthly and a heavenly goddess, was also the goddess of the moon (Seneca, Medea 790), and ... she was the queen of demons ... who occupied the moon".

"the Chaldaean doctrine followed the Middle Platonic view of the double soul : the upper part of the Soul that remained secluded from the Sensible World (Cosmos) became Hekate, whereas the lower part of the Soul that was involved with ... the matters of the material world became known as Physis. Physis was ... simply hylic, but because the dog-demons lived in her sublunar sphere, it was she that became their controller. ... (Lapinkivi 2004, 178)"

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pp. 67-71 Peeter Espak : "Passing into the Underworld in Sumerian Texts".

the Sumerian text The Death of Gilgames^

p. 68 "after the gods explained to Gilgames^ the fact he is going to die soon, the people of Uruk [/Unu/ (p. 69)] block the waters of the river Euphrates [id/KIB.NUN.NA/ (p. 69)] by constructing a dam. Then they build a royal palace on the drained riverbed for Gilgames^ ... . Most probably, after the burial ceremonies were held, the drained riverbed is flooded again".

{cf. Astika belief [as, in the Maha-bharata] that the souls of the dead reside in the river Ganga}

p. 70 "According to The Death of Gilgames^, the only person who could have zi eternally in the human world was Ziusudra" [/Zi-u’s-dili/ in the Sumerian text].

{/ZI/ = Skt. /JIva/ ‘life’ = ZIW (>iyyar)}

p. 70 "the Sumerian word zi ... can be translated into Akkadian by napis^tu neaning "throat,"" {/nafs/ being ‘breath’ in <arabi^ corresponding to <ibri^ /nepes^/ ‘appetite’ (cf. ‘glutton’ from ‘gullet’). The names of the country /naPIS^/ and the paradisial river-name /PIS^o^n/ are perhaps derived from */PiT/, /PaTa>/ ‘boiling milk foaming’ (LA-L 3:316a) : cf. the Maori mythic effervescent water of Tane, said to vivify souls of the dead in the netherworld}

LA-L = Georgii Wilhelmi Freytagii : Lexicon Arabico-Latinum. Beirut, 1975.

the Sumerian text Gilgames^, Enkidu and the Netherworld

p. 69 "Enkidu descends to the underworld ... by passing through ... a deep hole situated in the city of Uruk. Enkidu also escapes the netherworld which had captured him, using the help of Utu who opens a hole to the underworld." [p. 37 Enkidu was protected from the wind-god En-lil (according to a text "which is preserved only in the Hittite translation") by S^amas^ the sun-god.]

The soul of "A man eaten by a lion seems to have all the injuries he received during the attack." {cf. "cursed is the man whom the lion eats" (Gospel according to Thomas, logion 7) -- the lion is (according to Platon : Republic 588E-589B -- GTh7) one of the 3 parts of the tripartite soul; another of the 3 parts is the "multiheaded", which is the dragon eaten by the lion, which is the part of the soul which (according to Nietzsche) therewith becometh a baby in order to be reborn (RM) : a theme echoing, perhaps, the riddle of the Sphinx}

GTh7 = http://www.kunar.com/Gospel%20of%20Thomas/Collected%20Commentary%20on%20the%20Gospel%20of%20Thomas%207.htm

RM = http://www.greatdreams.com/eclipse2.htm

p. 71, fn. 12 Sumerian im (citing Katz 2007, pp. 172sq)

"After the death of the body, i m somehow becomes the dead spirit g i d i m. ... a certain spoken formula liberates the ghost ... ready to depart to the netherworld."

Katz 2007 = Dina Katz : "Sumerian Funerary Rituals in Context". In :- N. Laneri (ed.) : Social Analyses of Funerary Traditions in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean = UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ORIENTAL INSTITUTE SEMINARS, 3 (2007). pp. 167-88.

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FORSCHUNGEN ZUR ANTHROPOLOGIE UND RELIGIONGESCHICHTE, Band 42 = Manfried L. G. Dietrich & Tarmo Kulmar (eds.) : Body and Soul in the Conceptions of the Religions. Ugarit-Verlag, Mu:nster, 2008.